When filling, as it comes out of the fill hole, I just catch the oil coming out until it stops, then it's filled properly. It's important to insure that the vehicle is level though.Be aware that the that the volume requirement changes with the specific diff and vehicle lifts. For example, an ARB displaces more fluid than an open diff. Less fluid will be used to achieve the same fluid level.
With many lifted rigs, there is added confusion. When the the pinion is raised, your fluid level must increase as well. The goal here is to make sure the pinion bearings get proper oiling. In a stock rig on level ground, imagine a horizontal line from the bottom of the fill hole to the pinion seal. In a lifted rig, start from that same position on the pinion seal and run the horizontal line back to the diff cover. That is your new fill level. An ARB cover makes this job easy because of the dip stick but on other covers you can drop the nose of the rig downhill to add the proper fluid or raise the rear to add gear lube.
Over filling will usually just cause extra lube to push out the breather. I've see blown axle seals a couple of times but it's rare (probably just a weak seal). If you're running extended breather tubes(and you should) you can always put the tube in a catch bottle to prevent the overfill mess.